Effect of tillers on corn yield: Exploring trait plasticity potential in unpredictable environments

Long-term selection in maize (Zea mays L.) favored single-stalked phenotypes limiting vegetative growth. However, reduced plant densities create conducive environments to the expression of branches called tillers. Tiller has motivated discussions about its yield effect variable environments, but tiller research is lacking for modern corn genotypes. The objectives this study were (a) quantify relative importance management, environment, and interactions on two genotypes; (b) understand effects observed density, their interaction yield; (c) identify key environmental determinants response density In 10 environmentally diverse site-years across Kansas, presence removal evaluated commercial hybrids (P0657AM P0805AM) three target levels (25,000, 42,000, 60,000 plants ha−1). Yields increased or unaffected by greater within site-years. Environments varied responsiveness fine-tuning was needed maximize yields. Sites with yields most responsive characterized good soil properties photothermal quotient values (e.g., soils high organic matter climates solar radiation cooler temperatures). Favorable growing conditions can be exploited plasticity traits such as tillering unpredictable annually optimum while potential loss producer risk due disproportionate density.